This page explains how to boot the Linux® kernel from U-Boot through a TFTP server installed on a host PC, based on the pxe U-Boot command.
1. Documentation[edit | edit source]
The U-Boot documentation is available in:
2. TFTP server installation on host PC[edit | edit source]
The procedure, to install a TFTP server on your PC host, is explained here [1].
3. TFTP server configuration[edit | edit source]
U-Boot follows pxelinux's rules to download binaries from the TFTP server.
See more details here[2]
U-Boot pxe command loads and parses a PXE configuration file found in the pxelinux.cfg directory exported by this TFTP server (for example in /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/). This file provides the operations executed by U-Boot to load the Linux kernel.
3.1. PXE configuration file[edit | edit source]
Each PXE configuration file has same format as the extlinux.conf file, generated by a standard Yocto distribution.
The format of the PXE configuration text file is explained in this chapter. More explanations on the name of the file loaded by U-Boot are given in next chapter.
For each element of the menu :
- the LABEL is a string, for example the boot device such as an e•MMC, SD card, NAND, and so on.
- the kernel and the device tree loaded by U-Boot are defined via KERNEL and FDT options.
- the Linux® kernel boot arguments are defined via the APPEND option, including the rootfs to use;
For example with STM32MP157F-EV1 Evaluation board 
and with the rootfs on the 8th partition of the SD card (/dev/mmcblk0p8), the PXE configuration file is:
menu title Select the boot mode DEFAULT sdcard LABEL sdcard KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157f-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/mmcblk0p8 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200
To fully boot on a network, the root filesystem (rootfs), the files required by the kernel image, can be defined :
- as initial RAM disk with INITRD command in configuration file (this initramfs file uInitrd need to be generated, it is a generic feature not explained here).
- or as NFS mounting point with Linux® kernel boot arguments nfsroot added in APPEND command (root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=...).
In the configuration file, the menu can have several options (see LABEL, DEFAULT and TIMEOUT commands in README.pxe for details).
See Kernel Documentation for details on:
- the initial RAM disk (initrd)
- the kernel’s command-line parameters (bootargs)
- the root filesystem via NFS (nfsroot)
For example with STM32MP157C-EV1 Evaluation board 
:
menu title Select the boot mode DEFAULT initramfs TIMEOUT 20 LABEL initramfs KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb INITRD uInitrd APPEND rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200 LABEL nfs KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/nfsroot,nfsvers=4 nfsrootdebug ip=dhcp rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200 LABEL sdcard KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/mmcblk0p8 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200 LABEL eMMC KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/mmcblk1p6 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200
In this example, the label nfs expects that the the Linux kernel running on the device can found on the network:
- a DHCP server with bootargs
ip=dhcp, to get a dynamic IP address - a NFS server v4[3] at 192.168.1.1 (for example your PC) with bootargs "nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/nfsroot,nfsvers=4" and the roots is exported by this NFS server in /nfsroot directory, for example the content of Yocto distribution file is extracted in the exported directory (for example /srv/nfs/nfsroot).
3.2. pxelinux.cfg directory[edit | edit source]
Because more than one board may be booted from the same server, the "PXE configuration file" name depends on U-Boot parameters (hardware address of the board/IP address).
U-Boot searches for a PXE configuration file in the pxelinux.cfg directory in this order:
- UUID comes from "pxeuuid" variable
- hardware type and address: ARP type "1" for Ethernet and MAC address
- IP address of the board and each subnet mask
- at the end, the file named "default-$CONFIG_SYS_ARCH-$CONFIG_SYS_SOC"
You need to provide at least one configuration file on the TFTP server per board.
Each file of the pxelinux.cfg directory can have the same content (or can be a symbolic link to a default one).
For example with STM32MP1 series, when:
- UUID is not defined
- ethaddr=00:80:e1:01:2d:6f
- IP =10.48.0.141 (hexa coding=0A30008D)
- CONFIG_SYS_ARCH=arm and CONFIG_SYS_SOC="stm32mp"
U-Boot searches the configuration file is this order:
- "01-00-80-e1-01-2d-6f"
- 0A30008D then subnet 0A30008, 0A3000, 0A300 ...
- default-arm-stm32mp
With ethaddr=00:80:e1:01:2d:6f, the exported directory on the TFTP server (for example /tftpboot or /srv/tftp) may look like:
├── pxelinux.cfg directory │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-01-2d-6f configuration file for MAC address 00:80:e1:01:2d:6f ├── stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb device tree ├── uImage kernel
The content of the "PXE configuration" text file named "01-00-80-e1-01-2d-6f" is described in the previous chapter.
An other example with
- different boards (identified by a MAC address)
each pxe file selects a different device tree (ed1, ev1, dk1, dk2) or kernel file - fallback with the IP address submask (symbolic link to default-arm-stm32mp)
- default-arm-stm32mp (final fallback file, name based on CONFIG_SYS_SOC)
├── pxelinux.cfg │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-01-2d-6f configuration file for MAC address 00:80:e1:01:2d:6f │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-42-42-8c configuration file for MAC address 00:80:e1:42:42:8c │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-42-42-cd configuration file for MAC address 00:80:e1:42:42:cd │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-42-46-76 configuration file for MAC address 00:80:e1:42:46:6f │ ├── 0A300 -> default-arm-stm32mp configuration file for IP address 10.48.0*.** │ ├── 0A30001 -> default-arm-stm32mp configuration file for IP address 10.48.00.1* │ ├── 0A30004 -> default-arm-stm32mp configuration file for IP address 10.48.00.4* │ ├── 0A30008 -> default-arm-stm32mp configuration file for IP address 10.48.00.8* │ └── default-arm-stm32mp default configuration file ├── stm32mp157c-ed1.dtb ├── stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb ├── stm32mp157a-dk1.dtb ├── stm32mp157c-dk2.dtb ├── uImage ├── uInitrd
4. Board command in U-Boot console[edit | edit source]
You can execute the DISTRO bootcmd for PXE:
env set serverip <the PC address> run bootcmd_pxe
5. Step by step example[edit | edit source]
5.1. TFTP boot, roofs on SD-Card[edit | edit source]
- STM32MP157C-EV1 board with MAC address: ethaddr=00:80:e1:01:60:da
- DHCP server available on network
- rootfs available on SD-Card (/dev/mmcblk0p6)
- Install and configure a TFTP server:
- TFTP server address is 10.201.21.107
- the content of directory exported by this TFTP server (for example /srv/tftp) is:
├── pxelinux.cfg │ ├── 01-00-80-e1-01-60-da ├── stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb ├── uImage
With the text file 01-00-80-e1-01-60-da ( #PXE configuration file in #pxelinux.cfg directory) :
menu title Select the boot mode DEFAULT sdcard LABEL sdcard KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/mmcblk0p6 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200
In the U-Boot console:
env set serverip 10.201.21.107 set the server address run bootcmd_pxe execute the DISTRO command BOOTP broadcast 1 DHCP client bound to address 10.48.1.229 (19 ms) IP address provided by DHCP server missing environment variable: pxeuuid missing environment variable: bootfile Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/01-00-80-e1-01-60-da Using ethernet@5800a000 device TFTP from server 10.201.21.107; our IP address is 10.48.1.229; sending through gateway 10.48.3.254 Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/01-00-80-e1-01-60-da'. load configuration file Load address: 0xc4200000 Loading: # 105.5 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 435 (1b3 hex) Config file found Select the boot mode display menu 1: sdcard Enter choice: 1: sdcard timeout: default choice missing environment variable: bootfile Retrieving file: uImage load kernel Using ethernet@5800a000 device TFTP from server 10.201.21.107; our IP address is 10.48.1.229; sending through gateway 10.48.3.254 Filename 'uImage'. Load address: 0xc2000000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################ 785.2 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 5734976 (578240 hex) append: root=/dev/mmcblk0p6 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200 missing environment variable: bootfile Retrieving file: stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb load device tree Using ethernet@5800a000 device TFTP from server 10.201.21.107; our IP address is 10.48.1.229; sending through gateway 10.48.3.254 Filename 'stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb'. Load address: 0xc4000000 Loading: ############################ 646.5 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 138450 (21cd2 hex) ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at c2000000 ... booting Image Name: Linux-4.19.49 Created: 2019-09-04 11:20:19 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 5734912 Bytes = 5.5 MiB Load Address: c2000040 Entry Point: c2000040 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at c4000000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0xc4000000 XIP Kernel Image ... OK Using Device Tree in place at c4000000, end c4024cd1 SF: Detected mx66l51235l with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 64 MiB Starting kernel ... starting kernel [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 .... [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p6 rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200 ....
5.2. TFTP boot, roofs on NFS, no DHCP[edit | edit source]
- STM32MP157C-EV1 board with MAC address: ethaddr=00:80:e1:01:60:da
- local network without DHCP server with
- your device = IP address 192.168.7.1
- your PC = IP address 192.168.7.2, with 2 server correctly configured:
- NFS server which export rootfs, for example st-image-weston-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.tar is extracted in /srv/nfs/nfsroot.
- TFTP server, same directory than previous example
with the text file 01-00-80-e1-01-60-da ( #PXE configuration file in #pxelinux.cfg directory) :
menu title Select the boot mode DEFAULT nfs LABEL nfs KERNEL uImage FDT stm32mp157c-ev1.dtb APPEND root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.7.2:/srv/nfs/nfsroot,nfsvers=4 nfsrootdebug ip=192.168.7.1:192.168.7.2::::eth0:off rootwait rw earlyprintk console=ttySTM0,115200
In the U-Boot console, use the pxe directly, because bootcmd_pxeuse dhcp:
setenv ipaddr 192.168.7.1 env set serverip 192.168.7.2 pxe get pxe boot
6. References[edit | edit source]