Last edited 4 months ago

DSI internal peripheral

Applicable for STM32MP15x lines, STM32MP25x lines

1. Article purpose[edit source]

The purpose of this article is to:

  • briefly introduce the DSI peripheral and its main features,
  • indicate the peripheral instances assignment at boot time and their assignment at runtime (including whether instances can be allocated to secure contexts),
  • list the software frameworks and drivers managing the peripheral,
  • explain how to configure the peripheral.

2. Peripheral overview[edit source]

The DSI peripheral implements all the protocol functions defined in the MIPI® Display Serial Interface (MIPI® DSI) specification. It provides an interface to communicate with a DSI-compliant display. The MIPI® DSI is part of a group of communication protocols defined by the MIPI® Alliance [1].

On STM32MP15x lines More info.png, the DSI peripheral:

  • supports up to 2 D-PHY data lanes.

On STM32MP25x lines More info.png, the DSI peripheral:

  • supports up to 4 D-PHY data lanes.
  • supports the RIF security architecture: The RISUP differentiates the access right of accesses performed toward the following RIF protected peripheral ID:
    • "DSI common": DSI common registers for DSI-wrapper and DSI-Host
    • "DSI_TRIG": DSI Wrapper trigger-A to update a smart panel
    • "DSI_RD": DSI-Host read access to a smart panel

Refer to the STM32 MPU reference manuals for the complete list of features, and to the software frameworks and drivers, introduced below, to see which features are implemented.

3. Peripheral usage[edit source]

This chapter is applicable in the scope of the OpenSTLinux BSP running on the Arm® Cortex®-A processor(s), and the STM32CubeMPU Package running on the Arm® Cortex®-M processor.

Even if some MIPI DSI modes are supported by the DSI internal peripheral, in practice:

  • software frameworks like U-Boot or Linux® kernel do not support all the possible modes.
  • hardware integration constraints such as support for all the clock values or the pll configurations make it difficult to use all possible modes.

Select a MIPI DSI panel or bridge supporting the DSI video burst mode [2] because this mode is supported by all software frameworks and is easier to fine tune. Please consider the following recommendations when selecting a MIPI DSI panel or bridge for your project:

  • Pixel data transmission
    • in DSI command mode: not supported by neither U-Boot nor Linux® kernel, use instead the DSI video burst mode.
    • in DSI video mode:
      • burst mode: supported
      • non-burst mode with sync events or pulses: supported with clock constraints to be considered [2].
  • Command transmission (initialization sequence, backlight...)
    • in DSI command mode: supported
    • in DSI video mode:
      • burst mode: supported if there is enough time to send commands before or/and after pixel data [2].
      • non-burst mode with sync events or pulses: supported but there are timing constraints to be considered [2].

If non-burst mode has to be used for a specific MIPI DSI panel or bridge, check non-burst mode constraints.

3.1. Boot time assignment[edit source]

3.1.1. On STM32MP15x lines More info.png[edit source]

The DSI is used at boot time for displaying a splash screen through the U-Boot framework.

Click on How to.png to expand or collapse the legend...

Check boxes illustrate the possible peripheral allocations supported by STM32 MPU Embedded Software:

  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given boot time context.
  • means that the peripheral is assigned by default to the given boot time context and that the peripheral is mandatory for the STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given boot time context, but this configuration is not supported in STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • is used for system peripherals that cannot be unchecked because they are hardware connected in the device.

The present chapter describes STMicroelectronics recommendations or choice of implementation. Additional possibilities might be described in STM32 MPU reference manuals.

Domain Peripheral Boot time allocation Comment How to.png
Instance Cortex-A7
secure
(ROM code)
Cortex-A7
secure
(TF-A BL2)
Cortex-A7
non-secure
(U-Boot)
Visual DSI DSI

3.1.2. On STM32MP25x lines More info.png[edit source]

Click on How to.png to expand or collapse the legend...

  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given boot time context.
  • means that the peripheral is assigned by default to the given boot time context and that the peripheral is mandatory for the STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given boot time context, but this configuration is not supported in STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • is used for system peripherals that cannot be unchecked because they are hardware connected in the device.

The present chapter describes STMicroelectronics recommendations or choice of implementation. Additional possibilities might be described in STM32MP25 reference manuals.

Domain Peripheral Boot time allocation Comment How to.png
Instance Cortex-A35
secure
(ROM code)
Cortex-A35
secure
(TF-A BL2)
Cortex-A35
non-secure
(U-Boot)
Visual DSI Info.png DSI Shareable at internal peripheral level thanks to the RIF: see the boot time allocation per feature

The below table shows the possible boot time allocations for the features of the DSI instance.

Feature Boot time allocation Info.png Comment
Cortex-A35
secure
(ROM code)
Cortex-A35
secure
(TF-A BL2)
Cortex-A35
non-secure
(U-Boot)
CMN
RDFIFO
TRIG

3.2. Runtime assignment[edit source]

3.2.1. On STM32MP15x lines More info.png[edit source]

Click on How to.png to expand or collapse the legend...

STM32MP15 internal peripherals

Check boxes illustrate the possible peripheral allocations supported by STM32 MPU Embedded Software:

  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given runtime context.
  • means that the peripheral is assigned by default to the given runtime context and that the peripheral is mandatory for the STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given runtime context, but this configuration is not supported in STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • is used for system peripherals that cannot be unchecked because they are hardware connected in the device.

Refer to How to assign an internal peripheral to an execution context for more information on how to assign peripherals manually or via STM32CubeMX.
The present chapter describes STMicroelectronics recommendations or choice of implementation. Additional possiblities might be described in STM32MP15 reference manuals.

Domain Peripheral Runtime allocation Comment How to.png
Instance Cortex-A7
secure
(OP-TEE)
Cortex-A7
non-secure
(Linux)
Cortex-M4

(STM32Cube)
Visual DSI DSI

3.2.2. On STM32MP25x lines More info.png[edit source]

Click on How to.png to expand or collapse the legend...

STM32MP25 internal peripherals

Check boxes illustrate the possible peripheral allocations supported by STM32 MPU Embedded Software:

  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given runtime context.
  • means that the peripheral is assigned by default to the given runtime context and that the peripheral is mandatory for the STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • means that the peripheral can be assigned to the given runtime context, but this configuration is not supported in STM32 MPU Embedded Software distribution.
  • is used for system peripherals that cannot be unchecked because they are hardware connected in the device.

The present chapter describes STMicroelectronics recommendations or choice of implementation. Additional possibilities might be described in STM32MP25 reference manuals.

Domain Peripheral Runtime allocation Comment How to.png
Instance Cortex-A35
secure
(OP-TEE /
TF-A BL31)
Cortex-A35
non-secure
(Linux)
Cortex-M33
secure
(TF-M)
Cortex-M33
non-secure
(STM32Cube)
Cortex-M0+
Warning.png
(STM32Cube)
Visual DSI Info.png DSI OP-TEE Shareable at internal peripheral level thanks to the RIF: see the runtime allocation per feature

The below table shows the possible runtime allocations for the features of the DSI instance.

Feature Runtime allocation Info.png Comment
Cortex-A35
secure
(OP-TEE /
TF-A BL31)
Cortex-A35
non-secure
(Linux)
Cortex-M33
secure
(TF-M)
Cortex-M33
non-secure
(STM32Cube)
Cortex-M0+
Warning.png
(STM32Cube)
CMN OP-TEE
RDFIFO OP-TEE
TRIG OP-TEE

4. Software frameworks and drivers[edit source]

Below are listed the software frameworks and drivers managing the DSI peripheral for the embedded software components listed in the above tables.

5. How to assign and configure the peripheral[edit source]

The peripheral assignment can be done via the STM32CubeMX graphical tool (and manually completed if needed).
This tool also helps to configure the peripheral:

  • partial device trees (pin control and clock tree) generation for the OpenSTLinux software components,
  • HAL initialization code generation for the STM32CubeMPU Package.

The configuration is applied by the firmware running in the context in which the peripheral is assigned.

See also additional information in the DSI device tree configuration article for Linux®.

6. How to go further[edit source]

Refer to the STM32 DSI application note (AN4860) [2] for a detailed description of the DSI peripheral and applicable use-cases.

Even if this application note is related to STM32 microcontrollers, it also applies to STM32 MPUs.

6.1. Non-burst mode constraints[edit source]

In MIPI® DSI video burst mode, the setting for the DSI peripheral's PLL is quite relaxed. The DSI peripheral can send out pixel data in bursts, at rate higher that the pixel clock frequency. The consumer of the pixel data (the MIPI DSI display panel or bridge) will internally re-sample such data to the correct clock frequency. This makes easy to configure the DSI in video burst mode.

In MIPI® DSI video non-burst mode, instead, the DSI peripheral must send out the pixel data at the exact pixel clock frequency required by the MIPI DSI display panel or bridge. But, the set of pixel clock frequencies allowed by the DSI peripheral is limited by:

  • the input frequency of the DSI peripheral's PLL (linked to the HSE oscillator on STM32MP15x lines More info.png or to a flexgen clock on STM32MP25x lines More info.png);
  • the programmability of the DSI peripheral's PLL;
  • the min and max frequency of the VCO of the DSI peripheral's PLL;
  • the selected bit per pixel.

6.1.1. On STM32MP15x lines More info.png[edit source]

The following script dumps all the possible pixel clock frequencies allowed, that can be checked against the pixel clock frequency required by the MIPI DSI panel or bridge.

  1. !/bin/bash

hse=24000000 vcomin=1000000000 vcomax=2000000000 n_lanes=2

  1. 24 bpp

byte_per_pixel=3

for i in {1..7}; do

  for n in {10..125}; do
    vco=$(($hse*2*$n/$i))
    if [ $vco -lt $vcomin -o $vco -gt $vcomax ]; then
      continue
    fi
    for o in 1 2 4 8; do
      hs_clk=$(($hse*$n/($i*$o)))
      echo $(($hs_clk*$n_lanes/(8*$byte_per_pixel)))
    done
  done

done | sort -nu

If the required frequency is not listed, you can either:

  • check the spec or contact the vendor of the MIPI DSI panel or bridge to identify other pixel clock frequencies allowed;
  • consider using a different frequency for the HSE oscillator.

It is possible to change the value of the variables in the script to dump the pixel clock frequencies for different HSE oscillators. Please also check in ROM code overview the values of HSE oscillator's frequency accepted by the BootROM. By changing the HSE oscillator, the Clock device tree configuration in TF-A and OP-Tee device tree must be aligned too.

6.1.2. On STM32MP25x lines More info.png[edit source]

The DSI internal peripheral and related clock programmability on STM32MP25x lines More info.png is good enough for supporting the MIPI® DSI video non-burst mode without modifying the HSE clock frequency.

7. References[edit source]