STM32WB Bluetooth^® LE – AT command server Project

1. STM32WB - Bluetooth^® Low Energy (BLE) AT server overview

This page describes the set of AT commands to control the STM32WB Series. AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of ATtention. For this concept, the Cortex®-M4 application microcontroller contains an AT project able to manage the concepts of GAP, GATT, security and low-power. This document explains how to interface with the STM32WB Series microcontroller to manage multi Bluetooth^® Low Energy applications handling (such as AT P2P server, AT Heart Rate) and GAP/GATT custom applications using AT instructions.

The BLE_AT_Server application is available by downloading STM32CubeWB^[1] release.

This project implements a set of AT commands used to build GAP/GATT custom server or client, peripheral or central application. It also implements P2P server or heart rate applications that can be directly selected. The objective is to have an intermediate abstraction layer in order to allow a user to develop a basic application with a limited sets of commands to send.

The following sections contain the interface description, the AT commands definition, and the description of some use cases.

1.1. AT commands

The AT instruction set is a standard developed by Hayes to control modems. The command set consists in a series of short text strings for performing operations:

at GAP level such as advertising, discovery, connection, security
at GATT level such as services and characteristics management and discovery, and operation on characteristics

The AT instructions are transferred through Cortex®-M4 application microcontroller low-power UART (LPUART) without flow control.
The STM32WB Series microcontroller can be controlled either through a terminal emulator such as Tera Term or Termite, or through an embedded microcontroller running AT client application like B-U585I-IOT02A^[2] (STM32U5 connected via LPUART to STM32WB module).

AT instruction architecture

On P-NUCLEO-WB55 board use PA2 (CN 10 pin 35) for LPUART1 TX and PA3 (CN10 pin 37) for LPUART1 RX:

P-NUCLEO-WB55 LPUART1

The terminal emulator must be configured with the following parameters:

• Baud rate: 9600 
• Data: 8 bits 
• Parity: none 
• Stop: 1 bit 
• Flow control: none
• Each frame is delimited by a \n character

Terminal emulator configuration

Thanks to the debug log via UART interface, it is possible to have debug trace of the application project.

AT command is composed of SET and QUERY operations. A single operation can be executed at a time. The format of these operations is defined as follows:

SET operation:
- AT+CMD=value
Response for SET operation:
- OK or ERROR
QUERY operation:
- AT+CMD?
Response for QUERY operation:
- +CMD:value
- OK

Event can be sent asynchronously by the server with the following format:

<EVT=value

1.2. General commands

Initialization commands:

GAP Command	Description	Comments
BLE_RST	Reset the Link Layer
BLE_PUB_ADDR	Initializes public address	If needed, to be done before BLE_INIT
BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR	Uses the default random address (defined in application)	If needed, to be done before BLE_INIT
BLE_RAND_ADDR	Initializes random address	If needed, to be done before BLE_INIT
BLE_NAME	Sets the name of the device	If needed, to be done before BLE_INIT
BLE_RF_POWER	Sets the TX power level of the device	Entered in dBm. See available values
BLE_INIT	Initializes public and random addresses, TX power level, name of the device: default values are used if not defined with previous AT commands. Sets default init values for the security	Default security values can be modified with BLE_IO_CAPA and BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ
BLE_IO_CAPA	Sets IO capability	Can be done before or after BLE_INIT
BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ	Sets authentication requirement of the device	Can be done before or after BLE_INIT
BLE_SVC	Initializes a predefined service (P2P server or Heart Rate)	BLE_SVC=1 creates service and characteristics for P2P_server service and starts advertising. BLE_SVC=2 creates service and characteristics for Heart_Rate service and starts advertising.

GAP commands:

GAP Command	Description	Comments
BLE_ADV_PARAM	Sets advertising parameters
BLE_ADV	Starts, stops advertising	If no new defined advertising parameter, use of default parameters
BLE_CONN_INT	Updates the connection interval	To send after link establishment if needed
BLE_CLEAR_DB	Clears the security database
BLE_PERIPH_SEC_REQ	Sends a peripheral security request to the central	To send after link establishment if needed
BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM	Allows the user to confirm or the numeric comparison value showed through BLE_EVT_VALUE_CONFIRM	Used to answer BLE_EVT_VALUE_CONFIRM event
BLE_PASSKEY_RESP	Sends the passkey to use during the pairing process, in response to BLE_EVT_PASSKEY_REQ	Used to answer BLE_EVT_PASSKEY_REQ event

GATT commands:

GATT Command	Description	Comments
BLE_SVC	Initialize a service	BLE_SVC=3 to 5 creates a custom service
BLE_CHAR_ADD	Add a characteristic	Applicable to a custom service
BLE_NOTIF_VAL	Sets the characteristic value to be notified	value sent from the server to the client
BLE_INDIC_VAL	Sets the characteristic value to be indicated	value sent from the server to the client

GAP events:

GAP events	Description	Comments
BLE_EVT_CONN	After connection/disconnection
BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN	After connection update
BLE_EVT_PASSKEY_REQ	After pairing request (legacy pairing)	Needs to be answered with BLE_PASSKEY_RESP
BLE_EVT_VALUE_CONFIRM	After pairing request (secure connection)	Needs to be answered with BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM
BLE_EVT_PAIRING	AT the end of pairing process	Returns status and reason parameters

GATT events:

GATT events	Description	Comments
BLE_EVT_WRITE	After characteristic write	Sent when a client writes a characteristic

2. Initialization commands

2.1. Initialization - reset - BLE_RST

SET operation: <1>

AT+BLE_RST=1
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

2.2. Initialization - public address - BLE_PUB_ADDR

Public address is 6 bytes address.
SET operation: <address>

AT+BLE_PUB_ADDR=0x112233445566
OK

QUERY operation: <public address>

AT+BLE_PUB_ADDR?
+ BLE_PUB_ADDR: 0x112233445566
OK

2.3. Initialization - use of default random address – BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR

SET operation: <1>

AT+BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR=1
OK

QUERY operation: <config random address>

AT+BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR?
+BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR=1
OK

2.4. Initialization - random address – BLE_RAND_ADDR

Random address is 6 bytes address.
SET operation: <address>

AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR=0xFF11223344CC
OK

QUERY operation: <random address>

AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR?
+ BLE_RAND_ADDR: 0xFF11223344CC
OK

2.5. Initialization - name – BLE_NAME

Device name is a string of characters (maximum of 19 characters)
SET operation: <name>

AT+BLE_NAME=WB_ATCMD
OK

QUERY operation: <name>

AT+BLE_NAME?
+BLE_NAME=WB_ATCMD
OK

2.6. Initialization - Tx power – BLE_RF_POWER

Tx power value is between -40 dBm to 6 dBm (IC level). List of supported values in dBm:

-40	
-20,85	
-19,75	
-18,85	
-17,6	
-16,5	
-15,25	
-14,1	
-13,15	
-12,05	
-10,9
-9,9	
-8,85	
-7,8	
-6,9	
-5,9	
-4,95	
-4	
-3,15	
-2,45	
-1,8	
-1,3
-0,85	
-0,5	
-0,15	
0	
1	
2	
3	
4	
5	
6

SET operation: <tx power>

AT+BLE_RF_POWER=1
OK

QUERY operation: <tx power>

AT+BLE_RF_POWER?
+ BLE_RF_POWER:1
OK

2.7. Initialization - BLE_INIT

BLE_INIT to be used in case of custom application. If AT+BLE_INIT=1 is the first sent command, initialization of the following parameters is done:
Public address, random address, device name, RF Tx power, security parameters.
The default values applied in this case are:

Public address: based on the company ID, the device ID and the Unique Device Number (UDN)
- bit[47:24] : 24bits (OUI) equal to the company ID
- bit[23:16] : Device ID.
- bit[15:0] : The last 16bits from the UDN
Random address: based on the UDN and a defined value (0x0000ED6E) to fit the requirements of a random address.
Device name: AT SERVER
RF Tx power: -0.15 dBm
IO Capability: IO_CAP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY (4)
Authentication requirements: no bonding mode (0), MITM (1), SC support supported but optional (1), no use of fixed pin (1), fixed pin (111111), public address (0)

If the public address, the random address, the name or the tx output power needs to be changed, send associated AT commands, BLE_PUB_ADDR, BLE_RAND_ADDR, BLE_NAME, BLE_RF_POWER before BLE_INIT.

If IO capability, authentication requirements parameters need to be changed, send BLE_IO_CAPA, BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ before or after BLE_INIT out of any link establishment.

SET operation: <1>
Use default BD address, default name, default Tx Power if no new parameter has been defined. Default initialization in case security (pairing) is started after link establishment. These values can be changed when no link is established with BLE_IO_CAPA and BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ (commands described later).If BLE_PUB_ADDR, BLE_RAND_ADDR, BLE_NAME or BLE_RF_POWER have been sent previously, the new parameters are taken into account.

AT+BLE_INIT=1
OK

QUERY operation: <public_addr>, <name>, <tx power>

AT+BLE_INIT?
+BLE_INIT:0x0080e12600c2,AT server,-0.15
OK

2.8. Initialization - IO capability - BLE_IO_CAPA

IO capability values :

0: IO_CAP_DISPLAY_ONLY
1: IO_CAP_DISPLAY_YES_NO
2: IO_CAP_KEYBOARD_ONLY
3: IO_CAP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT
4: IO_CAP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY

SET operation: <io_capability>

AT+BLE_IO_CAPA=1
OK

QUERY operation: <io_capability>

AT+BLE_IO_CAPA?
+BLE_IO_CAPA:1
OK

2.9. Initialization - authentication requirement - BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ

Sets authentification requirement of the device :

bonding_mode:

0: no bonding mode’
1: bonding mode

mitm:

0: no MITM
1: MITM

sc_support:

0: SC pairing not supported
1: SC pairing supported but optional
2: SC pairing mandatory

use_fixed_pin:

0: use a fixed pin
1: do not use a fixed pin

fixed_pin:

0 to 999999

SET operation: <bonding_mode>, <mitm>, <sc_support>, <use_fixed_pin>, <fixed_pin>

AT+BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ=0,0,1,1,0000
OK

QUERY operation: <bonding_mode>, <mitm>, <sc_support>, <use_fixed_pin>, <fixed_pin>,<identity_address_type>

AT+BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ?
+BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ:0,0,1,1,0x0,0
OK

2.10. Initialization commands – P2P_server or heart rate service creation – BLE_SVC

If BLE_SVC=1 or BLE_SVC=2 is sent, no need to send BLE_INIT.
BLE_SVC=1 creates service and characteristics for P2P_server service and starts advertising.
BLE_SVC=2 creates service and characteristics for Heart_Rate service and starts advertising.
Use a phone with ST BLE Sensor application to connect to P2P server or Heart rate application.
Services available:

0: no service
1: P2P service
2: Heart Rate

SET operation: <svc_id>

Creates P2P_server service and starts advertising

AT+BLE_SVC=1
OK

Creates heart rate service and starts advertising

AT+BLE_SVC=2
OK

QUERY operation: <svc_id> Returns the active service.

AT+BLE_SVC? 
+BLE_SVC:2
 OK

3. GAP commands

3.1. GAP command - advertising set parameters – BLE_ADV_PARAM

Sets advertising parameters of the device:

entry_nb:

1: 0,20ms,30ms,0
2: 0,180ms,200ms,0
3: 0,1s,2.5s,0
0, <adv_type>, <adv_int_min>, <adv_int_max>

adv_type:

0: connectable undirected advertising
1: connectable directed advertising
2: scannable undirected advertising
3: not connectable undirected advertising

adv_int_min:

From 20 ms to 10240 ms (must be multiple of 0.625 ms)

adv_int_max:

From 20 ms to 10240 ms (must be multiple of 0.625 ms)

SET operation: <entry_nb>

AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM=2
OK

AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM=0,0,32,48
OK

QUERY operation: <entry_nb> <adv_type>, <adv_int_min>, <adv_int_max>, <own_addr_type>

AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM?
+BLE_ADV_PARAM:2,0,180.0,200.0,0
OK

AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM?
+BLE_ADV_PARAM:0,0,32.0,48.0,0
OK

3.2. GAP command - start/stop advertising – BLE_ADV

Start/stop advertising:

0: stop advertising
1: start advertising

If no param entered, use default values (config 1)
If predefined config, use (1,2 or 3)
If param entered, use the new parameters

SET operation: <enable>

AT+BLE_ADV=1
OK

QUERY operation: <enable>

AT+BLE_ADV?
+BLE_ADV:1
OK

3.3. GAP command - connection update – BLE_CONN_INT

Connection interval values:

conn_int_min: From 7,5 ms to 4000 ms (must be multiple of 1.25 ms)
conn_int_max: From 7,5 ms to 4000 ms (must be multiple of 1.25 ms)

SET operation: <conn_int_min>,<conn_int_max>

AT+BLE_CONN_INT=125,150 
OK

QUERY operation: <conn_int_min>,<conn_int_max>

AT+BLE_CONN_INT?	 
+BLE_CONN_INT:125.00,150.00
OK

3.4. GAP command - clear the security database – BLE_CLEAR_DB

SET operation: <1>

AT+BLE_CLEAR_DB = 1
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

3.5. GAP command - sends a peripheral security request to the central – BLE_PERIPH_SEC_REQ

SET operation: <1>

AT+BLE_PERIPH_SEC_REQ = 1
OK

QUERY operation: No query for this command, it returns an error.

3.6. GAP command - confirms or not the numeric comparison value in secure Connection - BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM

Confirms or not the numeric comparison value in secure connection:

0: to not confirm the numeric comparison value
1: to confirm the numeric comparison value

SET operation: <confirm_yes_no>

AT+BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM=1
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

On reception of BLE_EVT_VALUE_CONFIRM event, send AT+BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM=<confirm_yes_no>, see example here.

3.7. GAP command - sends the passkey to use during the pairing process in legacy pairing - BLE_PASSKEY_RESP

Passkey value is between 0 and 999999.
SET operation: <passkey>

AT+BLE_PASSKEY_RESP=0000
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

On reception of BLE_EVT_PASSKEY_REQ, send AT+BLE_PASSKEY_RESP=<passkey>, see example here.

When the pairing is complete, reception of BLE_EVT_PAIRING event with two parameters: status, reason.

Status:

0: pairing status success
1: pairing status timeout
2: pairing failed
3: encryption failed

Reason:

1: passkey entry failed
2: OOB not available
3: authentication request cannot be met
4: confirm value failed
5: pairing not supported
6: insufficient encryption key size
7: command not supported
8: unspecified reason
9: very early next attempt
10: invalid parameters
11: SC DHKEY check failed
12: SC numeric comparison failed

4. GATT commands

4.1. GATT command - custom service creation - BLE_SVC

For the creation of a custom service, the command BLE_INIT is mandatory. Use a phone with ST BLE ToolBox to connect with WB55 and a custom service.
Custom service parameters:

svc_id:

0: no service
3 to 5: custom service

svc_uuid_type:

1: 16 bits
2: 128 bits

uuid_16b:

16 bits service uuid

max_attr_record:

2 * nb_of_char + 1

SET operation: <svc_id>, <svc_uuid_type>, <uuid_16b>, <max_attr_record>

AT+BLE_SVC=3,1,0xAABB,10
OK

QUERY operation: <svc_id>

AT+BLE_SVC?
+BLE_SVC:3
OK

If svc_uuid_type = 1, a range of UUID values has been pre-allocated, it is the Bluetooth base UUID and it has the value 00000000-0000-1000-8000- 00805F9B34FB.
If svc_uuid_type = 2, the user enters 16 bits service uuid. The 128 bits service uuid is completed in BLE_AT_SERVER application with the following value 00000000-CC7A-482A-984A-7F2ED5B3E58F.

Example 1:

AT+BLE_INIT=1
OK
AT+BLE_SVC=3,1,0xAABB,10
AT+BLE_ADV=1
OK

Custom service creation 1

Example 2:

AT+BLE_INIT=1
OK
AT+BLE_SVC=3,2,0xAABB,10
AT+BLE_ADV=1
OK

Custom service creation 2

AT_SERVER: default complete local name
00:80:E1:26:F6:5B: default public BD address

Up to three custom services can be defined.

4.2. GATT command - characteristic creation - BLE_CHAR_ADD

Characteristic parameters:

svc_id:

3: service id on which characteristic is added

char_id:

1 to 5: characteristic id

char_uuid_type:

1: 16 bits
2: 128 bits

char_uuid_16b:

16 bits char uuid

char_value_len:

1 to 245

char_prop:

0x00: CHAR_PROP_NONE
0x01: CHAR_PROP_BROADCAST
0x02: CHAR_PROP_READ
0x04: CHAR_PROP_WRITE_WITHOUT_RESP
0x08: CHAR_PROP_WRITE
0x10: CHAR_PROP_NOTIFY
0x20: CHAR_PROP_INDICATE
0x40: CHAR_PROP_SIGNED_WRITE
0x80: CHAR_PROP_EXT

sec_permission:

0x00: None
0x01: AUTHEN_READ
0x02: AUTHOR_READ
0x04: ENCRY_READ
0x08: AUTHEN_WRITE
0x10: AUTHOR_WRITE
0x20: ENCRY_WRITE

gatt_evt_mask:

0x00: GATT_DONT_NOTIFY_EVENTS
0x01: GATT_NOTIFY_ATTRIBUTE_WRITE
0x02: GATT_NOTIFY_WRITE_REQ_AND_WAIT_FOR_APPL_RESP
0x04: GATT_NOTIFY_READ_REQ_AND_WAIT_FOR_APPL_RESP

SET operation: <svc_id>, <char_id>, <char_uuid_type>, <char_uuid_16b>, <char_value_len>, <char_prop>, <sec_permission>, <gatt_evt_mask>

AT+BLE_CHAR_ADD=3,1,1,0x3344,2,26,0,1
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

If char_uuid_type = 1, a range of UUID values has been pre-allocated, it is the Bluetooth Base UUID and has the value 00000000-0000-1000-8000- 00805F9B34FB

If char_uuid_type = 2, the user enters 16 bits characteristic uuid. The 128 bits service uuid is completed in BLE_AT_SERVER application with the following value 00000000-8E22-4541-9D4C-21EDAE82ED19.

Example 1:

AT+BLE_CHAR_ADD=3,1,1,0x3344,2,26,0,1
OK

Custom characteristic example 1

Example 2:

AT+BLE_CHAR_ADD=3,1,2,0x3344,2,10,0,1
OK

Custom characteristic example 2

4.3. GATT command - setting of the characteristic value to notify - BLE_NOTIF_VAL

Parameters of BLE_NOTIF_VAL command:

svc_id:

1 to 5: service id corresponding to the characteristic to be notified

char_id:

1 to 5: characteristic id to be notified

char_val:

value to be notified

SET operation: <svc_id>, <char_id>, <char_val>

Sets heart rate measurement characteristic value to 70 for heart rate service:

AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=2,1,70
OK

By default, energy expended value is set to 0, it is not displayed on the phone.

Sets button control characteristic status, 0 and 1 are displayed alternatively (char_val = 0 has no effect) for P2P service:

AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=1,2,1
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

4.4. GATT command - setting of the characteristic value to indicate - BLE_INDIC_VAL

Parameters of BLE_INDIC_VAL command:

svc_id:

1 to 5: service id corresponding to the characteristic to be notified

char_id:

1 to 5: characteristic id to be notified

char_val:

value to be notified

SET operation: <svc_id>, <char_id>, <char_val>

AT+BLE_INDIC_VAL=3,1,10
OK

QUERY operation: no query for this command, it returns an error.

5. Events generation

An event is an information received either from the remote device or from the local device to inform the application about the status change or the data received.

Events description

6. Security

The BLE security model includes five security features:

Pairing: process for creating one or more shared secret keys.
Bonding: act of storing the keys created during pairing for use in subsequent connections in order to form a trusted device pair.
Device authentication: verification that the two devices have the same keys.
Encryption: provides message confidentiality.
Message integrity: protects against fake messages.(4 bytes message integrity check MIC)

BLE uses two security levels:

Legacy pairing – short temporary key (STK). STK is created to encrypt connection. Then, if bonding, LTK is used for subsequent connections.
Secure connection – long term key (LTK). LTK is created to encrypt connection.

6.1. Legacy pairing and no fixed pin (initiated by the central)

Default initialization values can be changed when no link is established with:

BLE_IO_CAPA=4
BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ=0,1,0,1,111111 (fixed pin is not used)

Legacy pairing with no fixed pin exchange sequence

6.2. Legacy pairing and fixed pin (111111) (initiated by the central)

Default initialization values can be changed when no link is established with:

BLE_IO_CAPA=0
BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ=0,0,0,0,111111 (fixed pin = 111111 is used)

Legacy pairing with fixed pin exchange sequence

6.3. Secure connection (initiated by the central)

Use of default values when BLE_INIT is sent:

io_capability = 4
bonding_mode = 0
mitm = 1
sc_support = 1
use_fixed_pin = 1
fixed_pin = 111111
identity_address_type = 0

Secure connection (initiated by the central) exchange sequence

7. Flow sequences for examples

7.1. First demonstration using predefined applications

7.1.1. BLE_SVC=1 P2P_server

Steps to use P2P_server application:

Power on your board running BLE_AT_Server application
Open a terminal emulator to send data to STM32WB LPUART1 interface.
Send AT+BLE_SVC=1 command : creates P2P_server service and starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE Sensor smartphone application and connect to P2PSRV1 device
Events are received over LPUART:
- BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
Play with the light on the smartphone, events are received over LPUART:
- BLE_EVT_WRITE=1,2,x with x = 0 led off, x = 1 led on
Send over the LPUART AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=1,2,1 command – toggles button characteristic status, (AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=1,2,0 has no effect), on the smartphone "Button pressed: hh:mm:ss {status}" is displayed. OK is received

P2P Server exchange sequence

7.1.2. BLE_SVC=2 heart rate

Steps to use the heart rate application:

Power on your board running BLE_AT_Server application
Open a terminal emulator to send data to STM32WB LPUART1 interface
Send AT+BLE_SVC=2 command : creates Heart Rate service and starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE Sensor smartphone application and connect to HRSTM device
Events are received over LPUART:
- BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
Send over the LPUART AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=2,1,70 command – sets heart rate measurement characteristic value to 70. OK is received

Heart Rate exchange sequence

7.2. Second demonstration: creating a custom service

7.2.1. BLE_SVC=3 Custom service

Steps to create custom service:

Power on your board running BLE_AT_Server application
Open a terminal emulator to send data to STM32WB LPUART1 interface
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_SVC=3,2,0xaabb,10 command, creation of a custom service. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_CHAR_ADD=3,1,1,0x3344,2,26,0,1 command, creation of a characteristic with properties: read, write, notify. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_CHAR_ADD=3,2,1,0x5566,2,40,0,1 command, creation of a second characteristic with properties: write, indicate. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1, starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to AT_SERVER device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1

Creation of custom service exchange sequence

Click on your custom service on ST BLE ToolBox

ST BLE ToolBox Custom service

Write characteristics, enable notification and indication:

On the first writable characteristic, click on the write button, enter the value to write for example 0x1122 and click on send. Value is written on service 3, characteristic 1.
Event is received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_WRITE=3,1,0x1122
Same thing on the second writable characteristic, write 0x3344 value.
Event is received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_WRITE=3,2,0x3344
On notifiable characteristics, click on Notify for characteristic 1 to enable notification and click on Indicate for characteristic 2 to enable indication.
Send AT+BLE_NOTIF_VAL=3,1,1 command, OK is received. Notification received on the smartphone.
Send AT+ BLE_INDIC_VAL=3,2,1 command, OK is received. Indication received on the smartphone.

Characteristic management exchange sequence

Initialization sequence with specific parameters, change of connection interval:

Send AT+BLE_PUB_ADDR=0x112233445566 command, configuration of public address. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM=0,0,20,25 command, configuration of advertising parameters. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM? command to check advertising parameters.
- +BLE_ADV_PARAM:0,0,20.0,25.0,0 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1 command, starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to AT_SERVER device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
Send AT+BLE_CONN_INT=125,150 command, change connection interval. OK is received
Events are received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
Send AT+BLE_CONN_INT? command to check connection interval.
- +BLE_CONN_INT:150.00,150.00 is received
- OK is received

Initialization sequence with specific parameters, change of connection interval

Initialization sequence with random address defined by the user:

Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR=0xee2233445566 command, configuration of random address. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR? command to check random address.
- +BLE_RAND_ADDR:0xee2233445566 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM=0,0,20,25 command, configuration of advertising parameters. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM? command to check advertising parameters.
- +BLE_ADV_PARAM:0,0,20.0,25.0,0 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1 command, starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to AT_SERVER device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART :
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1

Initialization sequence with random address defined by the user

Initialization sequence with default random address (CFG_STATIC_RANDOM_ADDRESS defined in app_conf.h):

Send AT+BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR=1 command, configuration of random address. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR? command to check random address.
- +BLE_RAND_ADDR:0x000000000000 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR? command to check random address.
- +BLE_RAND_ADDR:0xc122aabbccdd is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM? command to check advertising parameters.
- +BLE_ADV_PARAM:0,0,20.0,30.0,0 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1 command, starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to AT_SERVER device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART:
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1

Initialization sequence with default random address

Initialization sequence with default random address generated with random generator (CFG_STATIC_RANDOM_ADDRESS not defined in app_conf.h):

Send AT+BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR=1 command, configuration of random address. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR? command to check random address.
- +BLE_RAND_ADDR:0x000000000000 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_RAND_ADDR? command to check random address.
- +BLE_RAND_ADDR:0xe7257d5fd350 is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1 command, starts advertising. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV_PARAM? command to check advertising parameters.
- +BLE_ADV_PARAM:0,0,20.0,30.0,1 is received
- OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to AT_SERVER device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART :
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1

Initialization sequence with default random address

Initialization sequence with a new name:

Send AT+BLE_NAME=WB_ATCMD command, configuration of device name. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_NAME? command to check random address.
- +BLE_NAME:WB_ATCMD is received
- OK is received
Send AT+BLE_INIT=1 command, initialization. OK is received
Send AT+BLE_ADV=1 command, starts advertising. OK is received
Then, open ST BLE ToolBox smartphone application and connect to WB_ATCMD device, discover service and characteristics.
Events are received over LPUART :
- <BLE_EVT_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1
- <BLE_EVT_UPD_CONN=1

Initialization sequence with a new name

8. References

[1] STM32CubeWB

[2] B-U585I-IOT02A Discovery kit

[1]

[2]

STM32WB Bluetooth® LE – AT command server Project

1. STM32WB - Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) AT server overview

1.1. AT commands

1.2. General commands

2. Initialization commands

2.1. Initialization - reset - BLE_RST

2.2. Initialization - public address - BLE_PUB_ADDR

2.3. Initialization - use of default random address – BLE_CFG_RAND_ADDR

2.4. Initialization - random address – BLE_RAND_ADDR

2.5. Initialization - name – BLE_NAME

2.6. Initialization - Tx power – BLE_RF_POWER

2.7. Initialization - BLE_INIT

2.8. Initialization - IO capability - BLE_IO_CAPA

2.9. Initialization - authentication requirement - BLE_SET_AUTHEN_REQ

2.10. Initialization commands – P2P_server or heart rate service creation – BLE_SVC

3. GAP commands

3.1. GAP command - advertising set parameters – BLE_ADV_PARAM

3.2. GAP command - start/stop advertising – BLE_ADV

3.3. GAP command - connection update – BLE_CONN_INT

3.4. GAP command - clear the security database – BLE_CLEAR_DB

3.5. GAP command - sends a peripheral security request to the central – BLE_PERIPH_SEC_REQ

3.6. GAP command - confirms or not the numeric comparison value in secure Connection - BLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM

3.7. GAP command - sends the passkey to use during the pairing process in legacy pairing - BLE_PASSKEY_RESP

4. GATT commands

4.1. GATT command - custom service creation - BLE_SVC

4.2. GATT command - characteristic creation - BLE_CHAR_ADD

4.3. GATT command - setting of the characteristic value to notify - BLE_NOTIF_VAL

4.4. GATT command - setting of the characteristic value to indicate - BLE_INDIC_VAL

5. Events generation

6. Security

6.1. Legacy pairing and no fixed pin (initiated by the central)

6.2. Legacy pairing and fixed pin (111111) (initiated by the central)

6.3. Secure connection (initiated by the central)

7. Flow sequences for examples

7.1. First demonstration using predefined applications

7.1.1. BLE_SVC=1 P2P_server

7.1.2. BLE_SVC=2 heart rate

7.2. Second demonstration: creating a custom service

7.2.1. BLE_SVC=3 Custom service

8. References

STM32WB Bluetooth^® LE – AT command server Project

1. STM32WB - Bluetooth^® Low Energy (BLE) AT server overview