1. Purpose[edit source]
The purpose of this article is to explain how to configure the digital-to-analog converter (DAC)[1] when the peripheral is assigned to Linux® OS, and in particular:
- how to configure and enable the DAC peripheral
- how to configure the board, the DAC channels, reference voltage regulator and pins.
The configuration is performed using the device tree mechanism[2].
It is used by the DAC Linux driver that registers relevant information in IIO framework, such as IIO devices, channels and voltage scale.
If the peripheral is assigned to another execution context, refer to How to assign an internal peripheral to a runtime context article for guidelines on peripheral assignment and configuration.
2. DT bindings documentation[edit source]
STM32 DAC device tree bindings[3] deal with all the required or optional properties.
3. DT configuration[edit source]
This hardware description is a combination of STM32 and board device tree files. See Device tree for explanations on device tree file split.
The STM32CubeMX can be used to generate the board device tree. Refer to How to configure the DT using STM32CubeMX for more details.
3.1. DT configuration (STM32 level)[edit source]
The DAC nodes are declared in stm32mp157c.dtsi[4]:
- DT root node ('dac') describes the DAC hardware block parameters such as registers area and clocks.
- DT child nodes ('dac1' and 'dac2') describe DAC channels independently.
dac: dac@address {
compatible = "st,stm32h7-dac-core";
... /* common resources in 'dac' root node. */
dac1: dac@1 {
compatible = "st,stm32-dac";
reg = <1>; /* DAC identifier (e.g. 1 for DAC1) */
... /* private resources in 'dac1' child node. */
};
dac2: dac@2 {
compatible = "st,stm32-dac";
reg = <2>; /* DAC identifier (e.g. 2 for DAC2) */
... /* private resources in 'dac2' child node. */
};
};
3.2. DT configuration (board level)[edit source]
Follow the below sequence to configure and enable the DAC on your board:
- Enable DT root node named 'dac' by setting status = "okay".
- Configure pins in use via pinctrl through pinctrl-0 and pinctrl-names.
- Configure analog reference voltage regulator[5] by setting vref-supply = <&your_regulator>.
- Enable DT child node(s) for 'dac1' and/or 'dac2' channels(s) in use by setting status = "okay".
.
3.3. DT configuration example[edit source]
The example below shows how to configure DAC1 and DAC2 channels:
- PA4 and PA5 pins both configured as analog pins (see Pinctrl device tree configuration for more details)
- VREFBUF[6] used as reference voltage
dac_ch1_pins_a: dac-ch1 {
pins {
pinmux = <STM32_PINMUX('A', 4, ANALOG)>; /* configure 'PA4' as ANALOG */
};
};
dac_ch2_pins_a: dac-ch2 {
pins {
pinmux = <STM32_PINMUX('A', 5, ANALOG)>; /* configure 'PA5' as ANALOG */
};
};
&dac {
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&dac_ch1_pins_a &dac_ch2_pins_a>; /* Use PA4 and PA5 pin as ANALOG */
vref-supply = <&vrefbuf>; /* Example to use VREFBUF (It needs to be enabled as well) */
status = "okay"; /* Enable the DAC block */
dac1: dac@1 {
status = "okay"; /* Enable DAC1 */
};
dac2: dac@2 {
status = "okay"; /* Enable DAC2 */
};
};
4. How to configure the DT using STM32CubeMX[edit source]
The STM32CubeMX tool can be used to configure the STM32MPU device and get the corresponding platform configuration device tree files.
The STM32CubeMX may not support all the properties described in the above DT bindings documentation paragraph. If so, the tool inserts user sections in the generated device tree. These sections can then be edited to add some properties and they are preserved from one generation to another. Refer to STM32CubeMX user manual for further information.
5. References[edit source]
For additional information, refer to the following links:
- ↑ DAC internal peripheral
- ↑ Device tree
- ↑ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/st,stm32-dac.txt , STM32 DAC device tree bindings
- ↑ STM32MP157C device tree file
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Regulator overview
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 VREFBUF internal peripheral